An inguinal hernia is caused by gaps in the muscles or an enlarged passageway for the vessels supplying the testicles, which run from the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal to the testicles. In most cases, the protruding tissue is fat, but sometimes a loop of intestine may also be affected. If these structures become trapped, this causes pain and can even lead to a defect in the intestinal wall. This is a serious complication. During the operation, the hernia gap through which the tissue previously pushed into the inguinal canal is closed with a thin plastic mesh, which then forms a stronger scar plate with the abdominal wall. This reduces the risk of recurrence to 1-2%. The operation can usually be performed using a minimally invasive technique, i.e., using a buttonhole technique.

If the gap through which the umbilical cord once passed widens, fat and, in some cases, a loop of intestine may protrude. If these structures become trapped, this causes pain and may even lead to a defect in the intestinal wall. This is a serious complication. During the operation, the hernia gap through which the tissue previously pushed under the umbilical skin is closed with a non-absorbable suture or, depending on its diameter, with a thin plastic mesh, which then forms a stronger scar plate with the abdominal wall. The operation can be performed with an incision in the umbilical fold or, in some cases, using a minimally invasive technique, i.e., the buttonhole technique.

Incisional hernias occur when scar tissue does not hold properly and is stretched by abdominal pressure. In most cases, fatty tissue bulges out, but sometimes a loop of intestine does as well. If these structures become trapped, it causes pain and can even lead to a defect in the intestinal wall. This is a serious complication. Normally, incisional hernias are treated with a thin plastic mesh, which then forms a stronger scar plate with the abdominal wall. The operation can be performed with an incision directly above the incisional hernia or, in some cases, using a minimally invasive technique, i.e., the buttonhole technique.